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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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                <text>PENCAPAIAN MASYARAKAT MELAYU DALAM BIDANG SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI SEBELUM KEDATANGAN BARAT</text>
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                <text>Sains dan teknologi Melayu-Islam bukanlah sesuatu yang belum ada atau yang baru saja   muncul   tetapi   sains   itu   sudah berkembang   sejak   zaman   pra-Islam   lagi hinggalah  ke  zaman  klasik  Melayu-Islam  sebelum  zaman  penjajahan  Eropah  itu. Kertas  ini akan  membincangkan  tentang pencapaian masyarakat  Melayu  dalam bidang  sains  sebelum masyarakat  Melayu  mengenal  ilmu sains  moden daripada Barat.  Terdapat  tiga  pencapaian  sains  yang  diteliti  iaitu  pencapaian  sains  dalam bidang perubatan,  matematik  dan  kimia  (peleburan  logam).  Perkembangan  ketiga-tiga  bidang  ini  banyak dipengaruhi  oleh  kepentingannya  dalam  kehidupan  seharian masyarakat Melayu. </text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072331">
                <text>Aminuddin Ruskam, Nur Zu Ira &amp; T.N.H. Tengku Kamarul Bahri</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Conference: Fiqh and Science Technology Seminar</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2012</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>200827088</text>
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    <collection collectionId="15">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN PRA-ISLAM DALAM MANTERA: SATU PENELITIAN TERHADAP BUDAYA PERUBATAN TRADISIONAL MELAYU, DAERAH RAMAN, WILAYAH YALA</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Masyarakat Melayu, walau pun sudah lama berabad menerima agama Islam, tetapi pengaruh kepercayaan sebelumnya masih melekat terutama sekali kepercayaan anemisme dan HinduBuddha. Hal ini dapat melihat dalam budaya perubatan tradisional Melayu yang para bomoh atau “tok bomo” masih mengguna mantera sebagai alat untuk memulih penyakit disamping mengguna ubat-ubatan yang lain. Hal ini sangat penting kerana, dari pengasimilasian mantera dari semasa ke semasa dengan kepercayaan baharu inilah kita akan dapat memahami cara masyarakat Melayu mengubah suai dalam hal-hal yang lain khasnya yang berkaitan dengan kepercayaan.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072325">
                <text>Saliha Musor</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072326">
                <text>2015</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072327">
                <text>200827087</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Jurnal Persuratan Melayu</text>
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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072317">
                <text>Perkhidmatan perubatan komplimentari: perkongsian amalan di Pusat Kesihatan Universiti, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072318">
                <text>Tamadun Islam umumnya pada zaman kegemilangan peradaban Islam telah melahirkan ramai cendiakawan bidang perubatan dan ilmu-ilmu baru dalam bidang perubatan banyak diperkembangkan.Setelah kejatuhan Empayar Othmaniah dan revolusi di Eropah, ilmu perubatan mula berpindah milik dan dikuasai oleh orang Eropah sehingga banyak penemuan-penemuan oleh cendikiawan perubatan islam telah di kaburkan.Revolusi peradaban moden juga telah menyebabkan kaedah rawatan dan perubatan yang diwarisi oleh masyarakat turun temurun kini hampir lenyap.Untuk meransangkan semula dan meletakkan perubatan komplimentari pada kedudukan yang selayaknya,inisiatif Pusat Kesihatan Universiti USIM telah memperkenalkan perkhidmatan perubatan komplimentari sebagai pilihan kepada pesakit</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072319">
                <text>Nik Mohd Shafikudin Md Taujuddin</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072320">
                <text>2017</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072321">
                <text>200827086</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072322">
                <text>Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="152877" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="959138">
                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>BEKAM MENGGUNAKAN TANDUK&#13;
MASIH WARNAI AMALAN PERUBATAN&#13;
MELAYU</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072312">
                <text>Meskipun perubatan moden kian berkembang namun amalan berbekam masih lagi mewarnai amalan perubatan masyarakat Melayu sehingga kini.&#13;
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>ADNAN JAHAYA</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072314">
                <text>2004</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072315">
                <text>200827085</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072316">
                <text>Jurnal Warisan Indera Kayangan</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="152876" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="15">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="959138">
                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="959139">
                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
                </elementText>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Terapi Mandi Bunga Dalam Perubatan Melayu Untuk Penjagaan Kesihatan Mental </text>
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                <text>Flower Bath therapy is one of the practices in Malay medicine that remains until today. According to Dr. Wan Hasmah Wan Teh, Literature Lecturer, School Of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), she explained that flower bathing is a ritual that is very well known in the Southeast Asian region, including Malaysia, where the Malays are mostly aimed at enhancing the aura, beauty and ‘seri pengantin’ (Siti Sofia, 24 March 2018). Therefore the use of flower bath therapy is often associated with beauty compared to health care. So, the community needs to be given more exposure on the benefits of flower bathing for healthcare. Flower bath therapy in Malay medicine has the potential to be applied as a prevention and for disease treatment, especially in dealing with mental disorders that have doubled over the past ten years (Datuk Seri Dr. S. Subramaniam, September 28, 2016). Flower bath therapy can help in mental health problems by lowering the cortisol hormone (stress hormone), enhance the sense of comfort, relaxation and increase endorphin levels that provide a sense of ‘feel-good’ and reduce pain. Flower bath therapy is also found to be potentially in preventing depression. This study is aimed at presenting flower bath therapy as one of the ways for mental healthcare.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072307">
                <text>Wan Husni Wan Abdullah, Mohammad Naqib Hamdan, Aminudin Hehsan, Zulkiflee Haron, Arieff Salleh Rosman, Mohd Nasir Ripin</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072308">
                <text>2019</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072309">
                <text>200827084</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072310">
                <text>UMRAN</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="152875" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="959139">
                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Daripada Falsafah Menjadi Sains: Doktrin Perubatan Melayu Dalam Kitab Bustan al-Salatin</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Doktrin perubatan Melayu mempunyai landasan falsafah yang boleh dikaitkan dengan falsafah Yunani dan Tib al-Nabawi. Spekulasi kewujudan falsafah Galenisme pernah dibincangkan oleh beberapa pengkaji, namun bagaimana falsafah itu menjana doktrin perubatan Melayu yang rasional dan saintifik jarang disentuh. Kitab Bustan al-Salatin adalah antara manuskrip Melayu terawal yang menerangkan ilmu perubatan Melayu secara sistematik merangkumi falsafah perubatan, ilmu fisiologi, teori perubatan dan sistem farmakologi. Analisis kandungan Bustan al-Salatin dapat memberi pencerahan tentang falsafah perubatan yang menjadi asas kepada praktis rawatan yang diamalkan dalam doktrin perubatan Melayu. Kertas ini akan menunjukkan jalinan antara falsafah perubatan dengan sains perubatan Melayu yang sebenarnya sangat sistematis kerana mengutamakan ciri akliah atau saintifik. Asas falsafah dan rasional yang dicerakinkan daripada manuskrip ini diharapkan dapat membantu komuniti ilmiah dan juga pengamal perubatan Melayu memahami sistem perubatan Melayu yang saintifik dan rasional serta dapat membezakannya daripada sub-sistem perubatan Melayu yang lain.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072301">
                <text>Pisol Maidin</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072302">
                <text>2014</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072303">
                <text>200827083</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072304">
                <text>Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia</text>
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          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="152874" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072294">
                <text>Amalan Perubatan Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu Sarawak</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072295">
                <text>Masyarakat Melayu Sarawak yang merupakan etnik ketiga terbesar di Sarawak kaya dengan khazanah sumber warisan dan budaya. Antaranya ialah amalan-amalan kebudayaannya yang terserlah namun kurang diketahui oleh generasi muda hari ini. Akibat modenisasi dan arus globalisasi amalan budaya tradisional yang diamalkan oleh golongan tua dalam masyarakat Melayu Sarawak yang semakin kurang dipraktikkan mahupun diketahui oleh generasi muda. Justeru, kajian ini akan menampung kelompangan ini, iaitu bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan amalan-amalan perubatan tradisional seperti ‘beconteng’, ‘bepaus’, ‘bekebo’, ‘besembor’, dan sebagainya yang sering diamalkan oleh generasi lama masyarakat Melayu Sarawak apabila menangani masalah-masalah ringan berkaitan kesihatan seharian mereka. </text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072296">
                <text>Rosnah Mustafa, Radina Mohd. Deli, Monaliza Sarbini-Zin &amp; Wan Robiah Meor Osman</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072297">
                <text>2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072298">
                <text>200827082</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="152873" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="959138">
                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
                </elementText>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072288">
                <text>Herbal Medicines: Malaysian Women's Knowledge and Practice</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072289">
                <text>This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study among Malay women admitted in the antenatal and postnatal ward to determine the prevalence and use of herbal medicines during pregnancy and elemental analysis in the most popular herbs. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072290">
                <text>Kim Sooi Law &amp; Soon Lean Keng</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072291">
                <text>2013</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072292">
                <text>200827081</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072293">
                <text>Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  <item itemId="152872" public="1" featured="0">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="959138">
                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="959139">
                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072282">
                <text>Herbal Ingestion During Pregnancy and Post-Partum Period is A Cause For Concern</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1072283">
                <text>The potential harms of herbs to the pregnant mothers and their foetuses as well as the effect of herbs taken by nursing mothers on their babies remain largely unknown. Common perception is that herbal medicines ingestion during pregnancy and confinement period is a common practice among multi-racial Malaysian mothers. The purpose of this study was to explore the usage of herbal medicines during pregnancy and post-partum period among mothers who gave birth at a tertiary hospital in a metropolitan city of Malaysia. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072284">
                <text>C S Teoh et al. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072285">
                <text>2013</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072286">
                <text>200827080</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072287">
                <text>The Medical journal of Malaysia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="152871" public="1" featured="0">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="959138">
                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="959139">
                  <text>Etno-Sains Perubatan Melayu</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072278">
                <text>Prevalence of Complementary Alternative Medicine Use among Patients With Type II Diabetes in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072279">
                <text>Shamsul Azhar Shah</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072280">
                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1072281">
                <text>200827079</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
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